Екологічна пластичність гібридів кукурудзи селекції ВНІС в умовах України

Abstract

Changes in the temperature behavior during the period of active vegetation considerably affect the development and yield of agricultural crops, in particular, maize, and lead to significant fluctuations in its gross yield. Basing on studies of climate changes, experts have constructed a new map of agro-climatic zoning of the territory of Ukraine, which reflects the changes in the thermal regime in the regions over the past decades. Therefore, the main purpose of our study was to identify new maize hybrids that are adapted for cultivation in certain regions of Ukraine, with high overall adaptability and high yields in favorable conditions. The article presents the results of analyzing the data of the environmental trials of new maize hybrids, development by the “Ukrainian Scientific Institute of Plant Breeding” (VNIS, Kyiv, Ukraine), which were conducted in 5 regions of Ukraine. The trial location of maize hybrids was grouped by climatic conditions, and their suitability for maize growing was characterized. The variety of agro-climatic conditions and their distribution in the regions during the year made it possible to evaluate the hybrids’ yield potential as well as to assess their environmental plasticity and stability. Based on the results of the five- location studies, promising mid-early and mid-ripening maize hybrids with various environmental plasticity and yields of over 9.0 t/ha were distinguished. The response of hybrids with various plasticity to cultivation conditions differing in favorableness was determined. Based on the results of studying their ecological plasticity and stability, the promising hybrids are recommended for cultivation in certain regions of Ukraine.