Формування гумусного стану та поживного режиму ґрунту під кукурудзу на зерно в сівозміні на зрошенні

Abstract

The purpose. To determine directions of formation of humus state, nutritive regimen of dark-chestnut soil and productivity of corn for grain at use as fertilizer of collateral products of cultures of crop rotation on the background of different ways, depths of basic cultivation and doses of application of fertilizers in crop rotation at irrigation. Methods. Field, quantitatively-weight, visual, laboratory, calculative-comparative and mathematical-statistical with the use of conventional in Ukraine techniques and methodical recommendations. Results. It is established that after harvesting soya bean (predecessor of corn for grain) on not fertilized background (on alternatives of basic cultivation for soya bean) the mass of collateral products on surface of soil made 2,71–3,05 t/hectare. Calculated indexes of formation of humus testifies to negative balance of humus on not fertilized background in all alternatives of systems of basic soil cultivation with the highest index (– 0,58 t/hectare) at one-deep-seated shallow subsoil cultivation. At use of fertilizers the negative balance of humus also is fixed. The maximum productivity of grain of corn (14,82 t/hectare) is gained in alternative of shallow disk cultivation with slit planting on depth of 38–40 cm in system of differentiated-1 soil cultivation for crop rotation on the background of dose of fertilizers N180P60. On the average for 3 years on the background without importation of fertilizers the level of productivity on alternatives of ways and depths of basic cultivation oscillated from 3,05 t/hectare at subsoil shallow disk cultivation on the background of its long use in crop rotation up to 4,46 t/hectare at system of differentiated-1 soil cultivation with one slit planting on depth of 38–40 cm for crop rotation. Conclusions. At growing corn for grain in crop rotation at irrigation it is expedient to apply disk cultivation on depth of 8–10 cm in system of differentiated cultivation with one slit planting on depth of 38–40 cm during rotation, to use as fertilizer of cormophyte and rooted masses with importation of fertilizers at dose of N180P60.