Предикторы неблагоприятного течения раневого процесса в послеоперационном периоде у больных с гнойно-некротическими осложнениями нейропатической и нейроишемической форм синдрома диабетической стопы

Abstract

Objective: to identify predictors of an unfavorable course of the wound process in the postoperative period in patients with purulent-necrotic complications (PNC) of neuropathic and neuroischemic forms of diabetic foot syndrome (DFS). Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of anamnestic, clinical, laboratory, and microbiological parameters of 40 patients with PNC of DFS, divided into 2 statistically homogeneous opposition groups of 20 patients each. Studies were conducted at the time of admission of patients to the hospital and 3-5 days after surgical treatment. In patients of the 1 (main) group with an unfavorable course of the wound process in the postoperative period, there was a need for repeated surgical interventions, and in patients of the 2 (compared) group, wound healing occurred after a single radical surgical aid. Results. Preoperative biomarkers of unfavorable course of wound process in patients with PNC of DFS were: age less than 60 years, treatment with insulin before admission, the lesion of the foot tissue of 4-5 degree (according to Wagner), the persistence of pulsation at a. dorsalis pedis, contamination of the wound by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus with gram-negative bacteria, resistance of the wound microflora to cephalosporins. In the postoperative period on the 3-5 days the patients of the main group significantly more often developed the following signs: hyperthermia >37.5°C, hypoalbuminemia <35 g/l, hyperglycemia >10 mmol/l and local signs of inflammation in the affected foot area, such as pain, edema, hyperemia, inconsistency of sutures, wet necrosis and purulent discharge from the wound, as well as detection of P. aeruginosa or enterobacteria. Conclusion. The identified biomarkers can be used to develop a model for predicting the unfavorable course of the wound process in the postoperative period in patients with PNC of neuropathic and neuroischemic forms of DFS which, in turn, will allow optimizing surgical tactics and timely adjusting the conservative therapy regimen.