Церковнославянизмы и заимствования из восточнославянских языков в польской православной терминологии

Abstract

Orthodox terminology in the contemporary Polish language is an interesting topic that requires scientific research. This article deals with religious terms of Orthodox or East Slavic origin and concerns proper borrowings, i.e. foreign forms transferred in their original or slightly transformed form, adapted to the Polish language system. The analysed terms were extracted from the Dictionary of Polish Orthodox Terminology edited by W. Przyczyna, K. Czarnecka and M. Ławreszuk. Church Slavonicisms and East Slavicisms are groups of borrowings characteristic of Polish Orthodox terminology. The presence of Church Slavonicisms is related to the functioning of the Church Slavonic liturgical language in the Orthodox Church in Poland. These borrowings name primarily designations and concepts relating to the liturgical life and rituals of the Orthodox Church. In addition to Church Slavonicisms, East Slavic borrowings (Russian, Ukrainian, Belorussian), not attested in the Church Slavonic language, constitute a characteristic group in the terminology of Polish Orthodoxy. These lexemes most often refer to the culture of East Slavic Orthodoxy (transferred to Polish) and occur primarily in the spoken language of believers living in the eastern and southern borderlands, as well as resettlers from these areas. The spelling of the borrowed Orthodox terms in the Polish language is not standardized and unified. Their graphic forms are often variants, indicating different ways of penetration into the Polish language system (through written language, oral speech, mediation of a second language).