رویارویی اعیان خراسان و ماوراءالنهر با سیاست های مالی سامانیان و غزنویان با تاکید بر سیاست های مالی ایشان در نیشابور

Abstract

Financial policies in major parts of the Samanid era as well as throughout the Ghaznavid period were very tyrannical and in this period much oppression was inflicted upon the subjects and the affluent land owners in particular. Heavy tributes and other financial infringes and demands in this period, which lasted about a century in Khurāsān, plundered and confiscated many properties and lands of various classes of people, especially the aristocrats. A survey of the financial policies of this period indicates that since the Sasanid period, when the tribute revenues and certain new taxes were handed over to the commanders in chief and the troopers, the financial aggressions and the heavy tributes and confiscation of properties in Khurāsān – which were common since long ago – became more severe. This situation reached its climax in the Ghaznavids period. These financial policies mostly exposed the affluent or the wealthy aristocrats to harm. During the Samanid and Ghgaznavid periods, Nayshābūr was regarded as the center for collecting taxes (in its general sense: i.e. state revenues) in Khurāsān; therefore, the instances of these financial aggressions to the aristocrats and the general public were reflected in the sources more in Khurāsān than in other cities ruled by the Samanids and Ghaznavids. Due to these financial tyrannies, the Affluent of Khurāsān and Transoxiana, including Nayshābūr, sought to topple these two rules.