面向湖泊生态系统健康维护的生态管控分区研究——以红枫湖流域为例

Abstract

以湖泊生态系统健康维护为目标的生态管控分区成为水环境保护与治理的重要手段，有助于全面掌握流域生态状况，对流域生态经济可持续发展具有重要参考价值。以红枫湖流域为例，从水文水资源、物理结构、水质、生物、社会服务功能5个方面对湖泊生态系统健康进行评价。运用ArcGIS空间分析工具，以200 m×200 m格网为评价单元辨析流域生态敏感性和生态服务功能空间分异特征，进而运用SOFM聚类方法优选聚类方案，划定生态管控分区。结果表明：1）红枫湖湖泊生态系统健康评分为68.4分，属健康状态，物理结构是当前威胁红枫湖湖泊生态系统健康的主要因子；2）红枫湖流域生态敏感性及生态服务功能空间差异明显，生态环境脆弱，生态服务功能较低；3）红枫湖流域生态管控分区划为优先控制区、重点控制区、缓冲控制区及一般控制区，应实施差异化管理，重点任务是调结构、转方式，逐步修复生态系统。;Ecological management and control zoning aiming at the health maintenance of lake ecosystem has become an important means of water environmental protection and management. It is helpful to comprehensively grasp the ecological status of the basin and has important reference value for the sustainable development of the ecological economy in the basin. Taking Hongfeng Lake basin as an example, the lake ecosystem health was evaluted from five aspects:hydrological and water resources, physical structure, water quality, biology and social services. Using ArcGIS spatial analysis tools, taking 200 m×200 m grid as evaluation unit, this paper analyzes the spatial differentiation characteristics of watershed ecological sensitivity and ecological service function, and then uses Self-Organizing Feature Maps clustering method to optimize the optimal clustering scheme and divide the ecological divisions. The results show that:1) Hongfeng Lake ecosystem health score is 68.4, which is in a healthy state. The physical structure is a key factor threatening the ecosystem health of Hongfeng Lake. 2) The ecological sensitivity and spatial distribution of ecological service function of Hongfeng Lake Basin are obviously different, the ecological environment is fragile, and the service function of the ecosystem is low. 3) The Hongfeng watershed is divided into priority control area, key control area, buffer control area and general control area to implement differentiated management measures. The key task is to adjust the structure, change the mode, and gradually restore the ecosystem.