ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ МИКРОВОЛНОВОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ ПРИ ПЕРЕРАБОТКЕ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО СЫРЬЯ (ОБЗОР)

Abstract

The use of microwave radiation in the chemistry of plant raw materials in the last decade attracted the attention of a growing number of scientists. The present review publications in this field in recent years, the number of which increases exponentially. The main field of application of microwave radiation in the chemistry and technology of vegetable raw materials: extraction of natural plant facilities for the low molecular weight compounds of different classes in the individual state and the form of compositions (eg, essential oils); selection of high structural biopolymers (cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose); The drying process plant facilities; pyrolysis of wood; hydrolysis of high-molecular components of plant raw materials; chemical modification of vegetable origin of biopolymers to obtain ethers and esters and other derivatives; chemical modification of plant raw materials without prior separation into individual components and some other processes. The efficiency of the microwave radiation in these processes. It is noted that the microwave radiation is generally conducted considerably faster process and significantly reduces energy costs. The examples of processes described in the industry. Processes and mechanisms that occur when exposed to microwave radiation plant material is currently not well understood and require further investigation.