Вариабельность показателей иммунной системы при различной ингаляционной нагрузке диоксидом азота воздушной среды

Abstract

It is known that air pollution with nitrogen dioxide creates prerequisites for formation of inflammatory and allergic diseases of the respiratory and immune systems. The literature data indicate that the effects of this substance can be ambiguous and multidirectional, and convincing evidence of development of sensitization to nitrogen dioxide does not exist. The aim of this work was to study the parameters of humoral immunity and sensitization of adolescents with different inhalation loads with nitrogen dioxide. We studied 659 healthy teenagers (13-16 years), living in cities and rural areas of Irkutsk region (Angarsk, 52°34'N; Sayansk 54°07'N; Kitoy, 52°36'N; Razdolye, 52°26'N), in 2009-2014. We investigated the content of nitrogen dioxide in the atmospheric air of settlements, as well as the air of residential and educational premises, in which students live and study. Anamnestic data and information about the students' daily routine were collected by means of a questionnaire. We calculated the individual inhalation load with nitrogen dioxide and hazard factors (HQ) of its effects on the organism of adolescents. The concentration of this compound in the air and the personalized data of the subjects were taken into account in the calculation of inhalation load and HQ. Two groups of adolescents were formed according to individual risk factors. Schoolchildren with HQ 0.5. We established that about 30% of the tested students had IgA levels below the reference. Also, we studied the indices of local immunity under different inhalation loads with nitrogen dioxide. The decrease in the content of IL-10 and INF-y in the nasal flush, which was detected in adolescents with risk factors of 0.5 and above, may indicate the stress of local immunity in these individuals. Associations between the hazard coefficient and levels of autoantibodies to p2-glycoprotein, IL-2, INF-a, INF-y and IgA were established in the blood of schoolchildren at HQ 0.5), which may indicate an ambiguous effect of this toxicant on the immune system at this level of pollutant load. Elevated IgE levels were detected in every third teenager in each group. The number of eosinophilic granulocytes in the nasal mucus of schoolchildren from 0.5<HQ <1.0 was higher, compared to their peers having a lower inhalation load with nitrogen dioxide. The presence of sensitization to sodium nitrite was proved by the inhibition of leukocyte migration in 29.6% of the examined subjects. The obtained results prove the effect of inhalation load with nitrogen dioxide on the presence of sensitization to it, which does not directly depend on the level of exposure to nitrogen dioxide. Thus, as a result of our studies, we found a relationship between the air pollution with nitrogen dioxide, the levels of specific autoantibodies, reflecting the state of the immune system, and the parameters of the cytokine profile of the nasal mucosa of adolescents.