Особливості патогенезу свербежу та протисвербіжної терапії в дітей з алергодерматозами (огляд літератури)

Abstract

Allergic dermatoses are allergic skin diseases, the most common of which are: simple and allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, various forms of eczema, acute and chronic allergic urticaria, Quincke's edema, toxicodermias, multiforme exudative erythema (Stevens–Johnson syndrome), acute epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome). The clinical course of all allergic dermatoses is accompanied by itch, although its severity varies depending on the nosology. An important focus of treatment of allergic dermatoses is to control of skin itch, as it is the leading symptom. According to the international program documents EAACI (European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology), AAAAI (American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology), PRACТALL (Practical Allergology Consensus Report) in treatment of allergic dermatoses the leading place takes anti-itch therapy, which requires an individual approach and daily care of skin. Systemic anti-itch therapy includes using of the following drugs: antihistamines, glucocorticosteroids, membrane's stabilizators (kromons), leukotriene receptor antagonists, anti-IgE. External anti-itch therapy consists of local application of emollients, topical glucocorticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, topical anti-histamines, reparants and epithelializing medications. Purpose — to increase knowledge about features of etiopathogenetically-based anti-itch therapy of allergic dermatoses in children. Conclusions. Treatment of itch of allergic dermatoses is diverse, complex and multi-stage, requires an individual approach to each patient, and includes: environmental control to eliminate allergenic and non-allergenic factors, systemic and local pharmacotherapy, skin care. Modern anti-itch therapy of allergic dermatoses should be etiopathogenetic and affect on local and system mechanisms of allergic inflammation with itch, it should be differentiated according to the stage of the disease, the phase of inflammation and the severity of skin manifestations and to be based on the rational use of drugs. No conflict of interest was declared by the author. Key words: children, allergy, allergic dermatoses, itch, anti-itch therapy.