СТОКОРЕГУЛИРУЮЩАЯ И ПРОТИВОЭРОЗИОННАЯ РОЛЬ ЛЕСНЫХ НАСАЖДЕНИЙ НА БЕРЕГАХ БАЛОЧНЫХ ПРУДОВ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМЫХ ДЛЯ ОТДЫХА

Abstract

Purpose: to study the impact of recreational digression on water protection functions of forest plantations located on the banks of gully ponds. Methods: laying of temporary test plots, artificial sprinkling of soils, analysis of soil samples. Results. Indicative signs of five stages of recreational digression of forest plantations (fourth-fifth age class) have been clarified. The first stage corresponds to the air-dry weight of the forest litter ≥ 12 t/ha, the density of the upper layer of thin soddy soils ≤ 1.3 g/cm³, porosity ≥ 47.9 %. The second stage corresponds to the mass of forest litter 5.6 t/ha, density 1.58 g/cm³ and porosity 37.4 %; the third stage – 1.9 t/ha, 1.75 g/cm³ and 31.26 % respectively, the fourth and fifth stages – no litter, density – 1.87 and 1.96 g/cm³, respectively, porosity – 26.9 and 23.5 %. Constraint equations (polynomials of the second – fourth orders and logarithmic) of the runoff coefficients and flow modules of suspended sediments for the rainfall period with the top soil density, porosity and humus content are obtained. Storm runoff is formed during recreational compaction of top soil ≥ 1.67 g/cm³, top soil porosity ˂ 34 %, humus content ˂ 6.4 %. During recreation, erosion under the forest canopy does not manifest itself when the bulk density of top soil is 1.75 g/cm³, the porosity is > 29.5 %, and the humus content is > 5 %. Conclusions. In the course of study, it was found that forest plantations performing water protection functions degrade under recreational loads. As a result of study, experimental dependences reflecting the patterns of degradation of the considered forest plantations and their influence on water conservation functions, depending on the stage of digression were obtained.