中国残留日本人孤児・帰国者の世界像に関する研究

Abstract

It is confermed by both the Japanese and the Chinese government that there are 2135 so-called “Japanese orphans in China” in 1986 who were parted from their parents at the end of world war II. Since the Peace and Friendship Treaty between Japan and Communist China was concluded in 1978, their visit to Japan and looking for their flesh and blood has begun.Even if they can manage to return to Japan, it is very difficult for them to settle in Japan and their activities is not so successful as they have expected.Also training them to settle in their fatherland is a difficult task because they are required to cope with the quite different customs of society.This study aims to extract their spacial recognitions of Weltbild or glove-pictures which are remaining in orphans, and building up while they lived in China, and next to reveal their life-stories according to their individual character. In addition, it is to reveal the relationship between each orphan and his space recognition or his Weltbild, and its characteristics, by classifying heir life histories.The purpose of this study is to find out the minimum community of these orphans and to provide it the fundamental data which is practically useful to develop a school curriculum for the orphans and their family in order to settle in Japan.The method used here was direct questionary to the 10 orphans (5 of them are male and the other 5 female) who have just returned to Japan, entered the training school in Tokorozawa, Saitama Prefecture.The questions are as follows:1 To draw the maps of their houses, towns, villages and their vicinities where they used to live in China.2 How far and wide they traveled while they were in China.3 How their Weltbild or their views about the world have changed when they return to Japan?4 What are thier images about the major countries of the world?5 To what extent they can recognize the names of popular place in China, Japan and the world.The results find out are as follows:1 The life-histories of the orphans differ vastly according to their school career, their previous jobs and their places of residence.2 Their school careers are different from those who never learned at school to those who studied at professional schools (five of them have given up learning or never learnd at elementary school, another five of them have learned at heigher schools and two of them at professional school).3 There is a great difference in their ability to express their space-recognition.4 The type of recognition about Japan is determined by their concerns about Japan rather than their school career. For instance, there is an orphan who has a more ardent desire to return to Japan in spite of his lower school career.Incidentally, all the orphans except one know that they are Japanese from early childhood. The orphans who spent thier childhood in Japan recognize comparatively more names of Japanese place than those who did not.5 The ability to recognize space is remarkably different according to his residence in Chira.6 Farther-in-low's occupation does not have direct influence on the recognition ability of an orphan.His space recognition ability depends upon his educational circumstance in his family.7 Finally, the auther deeply feel it necessary to give geographc education to Japanese orphans in presenting some popular places in Japan.Furthermore, to make the most of their knowledge about China is useful in training more effectively in order to settle in Japan.