ポリオワクチン (ソーク型) 接種乳幼児における補体結合抗体産生について

Abstract

In order to know complement fixing (CF) antibody response against each of 3 type polioviruses following injection with Salk's type vaccine made in U.S.A. in infants under 3 years old and school children aged 6-12 years in Japan during the period covering from May to June, 1956. Another group of 20 infants served as control.Out of 130 infants to be vaccinated 107 were proven to be triple negative in CF test and were devided into 3 groups, A (79 infants), B (15) and C (13). Groups A and B were injected twice and three times subcutaneously with 1.0ml dosis each, 7 days apart respectively. Group C were inoculated twice intradermally with 0.1ml dosis each, 7 days apart. The school children were vaccinated according to group A and the control group were twice injected with 1.0ml dosis of saline each, 7 days apart. Beside such a primary immunization, another shot was given as a booster immunization 7 months after the initial shot of the primary immunization. Serum was collected from each vaccinated individual 3 times, before vaccination, and each two weeks after the last shot of the primary and booster immunizations. And one year thereafter blood samples were collected from vaccinated infants as possible as we could.CFT was carried out according to the Black and Melnick's method which was little modified by us. On the other hand, the vaccination was done in 160 infants under 3 years old during the period from September to December, 1957, in order to confirm the results obtained after vaccination by both subcutaneous and intradermal methods respectively in 1956.The positive change rates against each type of polioviruses in 79 triple negative infants among group A were given as follows: 32% against type I, 27% against type II, 18% against type III and 25% on average after the primary immunization, and 52% against type I, 64% against type II and 46% against type III and 54% on average after the booster immunization, and 32% against type I, 24.% against type II and 16% against type III and 24% on average one year after the initial shot. It is worthy to note that there were no significant differences among the positive change rates after the primary immunization in 15 triple negative infants among group B and 13 negative infants among group C and that no marked difference in the positive change rates was observed between group A and B.If the positive change rates in 3 groups, A, B and C are criticized not quantitatively but qualitatively, that is, in the ratio of children with titer more than 1:16 to all positive ones, no marked difference was recognized in ratios between groups A and B but the ratio in group C was found lower than those in groups A and B. Consequently it seems likely that 3 shots are not necessary for the primary immunization and that the subcutaneous injection of the vaccine may be preferable for the vaccination.To observe the immune response after the vaccination from the standpoint of each age group, 30% against type I, 15% against type II, 5% against type III and 17% on average after the primary immunization, 32% against type I, 42% against type II, 42% against type III and 39% on average after the booster immunization were given under 1 year old, and 31% against type I, 23% against type II, 20% against type III and 25% on average after the primary immunization, and 67% against type I, 74% against type II, 59% against type III and 67% on average after the booster immunization in 1 year old. Now it has been made clear that the immune response after vaccination would be lower in triple negative infants under 1 year old than 1 year old. The positive change rates after the booster immunization in triple negative children aged 1 to 3 years were almost the same to 50% after the primary immunization in 14 triple negative school children. In general speaking of the ratio of number of positive children with titer more than 1:16 to all positive children in age groups, the ratio in infants under 1 year old