УЧЕТ ДИНАМИКИ РЕЛЬЕФА ДНА ДЛЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ, ПРИМЕНЯЕМЫХ В РЕЧНЫХ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ СЕРВИСАХ

Abstract

Science and technology achievements in the 21st century have qualitatively changed the traditional methods and techniques of Earth's surface research. Nowadays, remote methods have been used widely, when an observer or a measuring device is located at a certain distance from the study object in order to increase the observation area by several times. These materials can expand horizons of researchers, lead to increasing the flow of valuable information about already known objects and phenomena of the Earth.In presented research, there are some explanations about mechanisms of using natural processes to make forecast of changes in bottom topography in shallow water under navigation conditions. The key factor is the development of programs that can track changes in natural processes with displaying and fixation on electronic devices. Any research should preferably be carried out considering changes of the object over time and under the influence of various factors simultaneously and dynamically. In the article dynamic processes are divided into "significant" and "insignificant". This dependence is determined by the scale of space and time, where and when they occur. The concept of "scale factor" is introduced in order to determine significance of dynamic processes influence during research. Presented in the research dynamic map modelling method enables to make a forecast of siltation of the sea / river bottom for a given period of time. After comparing the forecast with the actual result, you can make corrections of the selected function, i.e. constantly improving the model. As a result of the research, we came to the following conclusions: 1. The “scale factor” should be entered in dynamic navigation map research and compilation with using different-scale data of the water surface and bottom topography; 2. It is recommended to enter a dynamic component into the information block of the navigation cartographic systems ECDIS and Inland ECDIS, allowing the skipper to see the position of the vessel, considering the wave height relative to the bottom in real time; 3. Above methods of parallel bottom topography transferring are based only on the data of statistical observations with using iterations. These methods usually give proper results on sandy and silty soils, where the relief has distinct wave-like forms, as well as relatively often repeated external influences with following the general main direction.