РАЗВИТИЕ ВНЕШНЕЙ ТОРГОВЛИ ДРАГОЦЕННЫМИ КАМНЯМИ, МЕТАЛЛАМИ И ЮВЕЛИРНЫМИ ИЗДЕЛИЯМИ В УРАЛЬСКОМ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОМ ОКРУГЕ КАК ФАКТОР ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ СЛОЖНОСТИ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ

Abstract

The article is based on testing the hypothesis of the relationship between the economic development of territories and identifying the most likely and profi table options for export diversifi cation, which, according to the authors of the study, in the Ural Federal District can be the export of precious stones, metals and jewelry. The purpose of the article is to show the connection between the development of foreign trade in precious stones, metals and jewelry in the Ural Federal District and the increase in its economic complexity. The article analyzes the scientifi c literature aimed at studying the peculiarities of foreign trade in precious stones, metals and jewelry, state and customs regulation of the movement of such goods across the customs border of the Eurasian Economic Union, which confi rmed the relevance of this study. The research process was based on an assessment of the economic complexity of Russia on a global scale, as well as the economic complexity of its districts. The main focus of the study was on identifying the points of growth of foreign trade in the Ural Federal District. To confirm the hypothesis put forward, a sequence of steps was applied involving the application of the theory of economic complexity of territories proposed by César A. Hidalgo. The statistical data of the Federal Customs Service for 2019–2021 formed the information base of the study. The data obtained as a result of the study showed that the most promising export direction for the Ural Federal District in the medium term, as part of the diversifi cation of the economy of this territory, from the point of view of increasing its economic complexity, are goods of commodity item 7115 of the EAEU Foreign Economic Activity Code — other products made of precious metals or metals clad with precious metals.