Типові сліди злочинів у сфері службової діяльності, учинених працівниками Національної поліції України

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to study typical traces of crimes in the field of official activity committed by officers of the National Police of Ukraine, as well as to show the forensic significance of traces of crime. The methodological basis is formed on the basis of the analysis of materials of criminal proceedings and judicial practice, as a result types of crimes are distinguished and the classification of crimes in the sphere of official activity committed by officers of the National Police of Ukraine is developed. The main results of the study suggest that, due to the achievements of scientific and technological progress, the introduction and active use of digital technologies, it is worth stating the emergence of a new concept in the categorical apparatus of the forensic science and distinguishing electronic and digital traces along with traditional material traces in the system of material traces. The article analyzes the key carriers and sources of trace information regarding police crimes. It has been established that the overwhelming majority of sources of information about crimes in the sphere of official activity of officers of the National Police of Ukraine materialize in various documents, since a significant part of such acts is combined with the falsification of relevant official documentation. First of all, types of documents containing legally significant facts, demands or decisions that are binding on individuals and legal entities regardless of their subordination or departmental affiliation are concerned. The scientific novelty of the article is it has classified the traces of crimes in the field of official activity committed by police officers, as well as it has analyzed a relatively new type of traces –electronic and digital ones. Conclusions. The study has proved that three main blocks of typical violations in the criminal procedural activities of the preliminary investigation can be distinguished: miscalculations in the work of heads of some units of the National Police in the direction of statistical and registration work on allegations and reports concerning criminal offenses; inserting data based on statements of citizens without determining the legal qualification of criminal offense into the Unified Register of Pre-Trial Investigations; violations concerning the procedure for the preparation and conduct of secret investigative (detective) actions. Besides, the author has proposed to classify documents that serve as sources of information regarding crimes in the sphere of official activity depending on the stage of pre-trial proceedings at which certain procedural decisions are made. Keywords: typical traces; crime; official activity; policeman; trace situation; crime scene.