К вопросу о развитии экономики: от ручного труда к цифровизации

Abstract

Introduction: forecasting of economic processes, as well as planning of activities, is impossible without considering the specifics of the current stage of economic development and expected transformations. In the literature sources scientific and technical revolutions, technological orders and scientific and technological progress are not reviewed in a complex. Objectives: based on the imposition of stages of scientific and technological progress, scientific and technological revolutions, and technological orders to study the evolution of the economy, taking into account the cyclical nature of its development. Methods: retrospective analysis, systematization, forecasting. Results: the authors have systematized the existing approaches to the classification of economic cycles, the historical stages of scientific and technological progress, the features of scientific and technological revolutions and technological orders. It was revealed that the existing approaches to classification of economic cycles do not take into account such a criterion as the “level of economic interaction”, which served as the basis for distinguishing three levels of the emergence and development of economic cycles (microeconomics, macroeconomics and mega-economic). The authors have identified the stages of economic development in terms of changing the role of a person in the production process. The fifth stage of scientific and technological progress– “digital society” and the fifth industrial revolution – “green” in the middle of the XXI century were predicted. Conclusions: the results of the study can be used as the basis for further scientific research on the digital transformation of the economy and the identification of driving forces contributing to the formation and development of a digital model of the national economy.