ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ ОСТАТОЧНОГО РЕСУРСА ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ НЕФТЕГАЗОПЕРЕРАБОТКИ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ВИХРЕТОКОВОГО КОНТРОЛЯ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ВЕРТИКАЛЬНОГО СТАЛЬНОГО РЕЗЕРВУАРА)

Abstract

Vessels working under pressure, are the main technological equipment of enterprises of oil and gas processing. Their characteristic large size, working at high temperatures and pressures and under the influence of aggressive environments. Equipment of this type has a huge energy potential, so its failures can be the cause of the accident. With the aim of prevention of emergency situations, conducted periodic technical inspection and forecasting of the residual life of vessels working under pressure. Due to the fact that the process equipment is exposed to simultaneous impact of many power factors, the evaluation of remaining life using linear damage models may overestimate the result. This problem is particularly relevant nowadays, since according to various estimates, up to fifty percent of the equipment of domestic enterprises oil refinery is operated beyond their design lifetime. An overview of the results of research in the field of technogenic safety and fracture mechanics of materials showed that one solution to this problem is to use additional criteria for assessing the technical state of the forecasting of the resource. It is now established that during operation due to design features and complex loading conditions in the material of the vessels can accumulate plastic deformation, localized in places of the greatest stress concentration. It is known that each material has a certain «reserve» of plastic deformation, the exhaustion which the failure occurs. Therefore, the level of accumulated plastic strain at which the fracture of the material, can be used as a criterion of the limiting state. In this paper, on the example of the vertical steel tank the technique of forecasting of a residual resource to take into account the level of accumulated plastic deformation in the material of the object.