Abstract
The amino acid composition and activity of the enzymes of the amino acid metabolism of placenta were studied. The objects of the study were guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), which have a hemochoric placenta type, similar to humans. The study also included women with uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery on time (39-40 weeks). It was found that in the all tissues studied, the fetal part of the placenta is characterized by the highest content of free and bound amino acids. In the fetal part of the placenta, the maximal activity of amino acid metabolism enzymes (aminotransferases, deaminases, amino synthetases) was also found. Common to the placenta of guinea pigs, monkeys and humans is also a high level of dicarboxylic amino acids and glutamine. Along with the common features in the amino acid metabolism of the placenta of different species of animals and humans, some differences were revealed due to the evolutionary features of the development of the organ, the specifics of the existing maternal-fetal relationships. Interspecies differences of the same parts of the placenta relate to individual amino acids, the majority of which in the placenta of rodents exceeds similar indicators in primates. Between the placentas of humans and monkeys, the differences in the studied biochemical parameters are less pronounced. Another difference between guinea pig placenta and human and monkey placenta is the unequal non-covalent binding of amino acids to biopolymers, which modifies the state of the acceptor groups of proteins. Similar tissues of the afterbirth of different species of animals and humans differ in the activity of amino acid metabolism enzymes. There is a close correlation between the content of free amino acids and indicators of enzyme activity, showing their important role in the formation of the placental amino acid fund.
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