ВЕТЕРИНАРНО-САНИТАРНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ АККЛИМАТИЗАЦИИ ЛЕСНОГО БИЗОНА В УСЛОВИЯХ ЯКУТИИ

Abstract

Veterinary sanitary and helminthological aspects of the distribution of forest bison on the territory of the Republic of Yakutia are considered to assess the restoration of the number of the Yakut range of the bison population, which are currently listed in the Red Book of Yakutia. Despite the fact that the forest bison has been listed in the "Red Book" of the republic since 2019, the international project "Reaclimatization of the forest bison in the taiga zone of Central Yakutia" has been operating on the territory of Yakutia since 2006, the purpose of which is aimed at restoring its natural range and preserving it as a species. To implement the international project, natural parks have been created in the territories of the Lena Pillars and Blue national parks, in which forest bison annually give offspring. To date, the adaptation of forest bison to the conditions of Central Yakutia is going well, so the dynamics of population growth averages 12-14% annually. Thanks to the implementation of this project, more than 120 calves were received on the territory of Yakutia. Since 2017, the final stage of the implementation of the international project, namely the repatriation of the species to the natural environment, has been taking place. In the course of the study, data on the full ecological compliance of natural and climatic conditions and the feed base of nurseries located on the territory of Central Yakutia were confirmed. The processes of introduction and acclimatization negatively affect the adaptation to new living conditions of wild animals as well. At the same time, there is an increased level of invasion by helminths of various origins. Therefore, in imported wild ungulates, the death of parasites developing in the gastrointestinal tract and infection with local helminths is noted, which contributes to the maintenance of foci of the spread of local parasitic diseases in animals during their acclimatization. New parasites can be brought with imported animals, which develop new hosts for them and cause significant damage to agriculture and hunting. Accordingly, the study of the degree of helminth invasion of forest bison during their acclimatization in Yakutia is not only relevant, but also quite in demand for both researchers and employees of hunting farms.