Український телепростір періоду Незалежності

Abstract

In the scientific article was explained the historic route and development of the Ukrainian television during the period of Ukrainian Independency. This investigation is a logical addition to the already researched history of telejournalism. This article concentrates on the very complicated and contradictory period: the end of XX – the beginning of XXI centuries (1991–2019). The article has an accurate chronology, a logical finish and it is based on the works of V. Lyzanchuk, Z. Dmytrovskyi, I. Mashchenko, A. Yakovets. The incipience and development of telejournalism included in the article is often supported with quotations by scholars, experts, journalists. There was analyzed the milestone of the television on the brink of previous and current centuries which helped to grasp the essence, tasks and the role of media reforms. The aim of the article is to draw social interest to the knowledge of the history of the Ukrainian telesphere and to some facts which were partially researched previously or weren’t mentioned at all. To reach the goal was used a comparative historical method. This method helps to compare general and peculiar tendencies in the reforms in televisional journalism. Descriptive bibliographical method helped to understand to what extent the history of the Ukrainian telesphere of the Independency period was researched. To characterize the current state of the Ukrainian television was used descriptive and analytical methods. The method of typological analysis helped to discover similarities and differences in the researched period of the history of the Ukrainian television. In 1991the Ukrainian television stopped being just a supplement to the «central» (state) TV, but even on the air of UT (state Ukrainian television) was noticed anti-Ukrainian information. Reorganization of the television in the beginning of 90s provoked the emergence of independent TV companies. They were controlled by a group of influential investors with different political orienting points and biased views. In the period from 1991 to 2006 there were created 24 Ukrainian channels. Sociopolitical events and censorship had an impact on televisional content and provoked the appearance of independent internet project Hromadske.ua (2013). It was an alternative to the state media and politically unfair commercial TV organizations. The project was especially famous during Euromaidan (Ukrainian revolution in 2014). The reorganization of the Ukrainian TV was developing and on the 7th of April (2015), «Pershyi natsionalnyi» (state channel) changed the name and logo to «UA:Pershyi». The coding problem of TV channels was touched in 2019. The aims were to show the chronology of the modern telesphere and to concentrate on the thoughts and expressions that would support the researched period. And then to prove that the knowledge of the history of TV journalism in the epoch of digital technologies became an inalienable part of life, science, contemporary information sphere. Key words : TV sphere, TV journalism, TV air, TV channels, digital television.