Abstract
As a result of the analysis of various types of power plants, their disadvantages and advantages were identified in the article, the main quantitative and qualitative characteristics were determined, according to which different types of power plants can be compared. The following are selected as the main quantitative characteristics of power plants: unit cost; installed electric capacity; cost of electricity; utilization factor of installed power plant capacity; service life; efficiency, construction period and the area occupied by the power plant. Qualitative characteristics include: location, financial conditions, time and weather conditions, environmental friendliness, operation of power plants, utilization, carbon footprint. The most common types of power plants are also selected for comparison. The formulation of the problem was carried out and a comprehensive methodology was applied for selecting the best option for power plants based on the totality of its quantitative and qualitative characteristics, including methods of spectral analysis and hierarchy analysis. The combined use of spectral analysis and hierarchy analysis methods when choosing the best option for power plants allows to somewhat reduce subjectivity in decision-making, especially in conditions where a quick assessment of alternative options is required. Based on the methodology, integral quantitative estimates were obtained for each of the power plant options. According to the set of quantitative and qualitative characteristics, a ranked number of power plant options were obtained: nuclear power plants; thermal power plants; hydroelectric power plants; wind power plants; solar power plants. The best is a nuclear power plant. It was established that the greatest influence on the construction of the generalized ranked series of power plants according to the totality of quantitative and qualitative characteristics was exerted by: qualitative characteristics: location and financial conditions; quantitative: unit cost; installed electric capacity; cost of electricity; utilization factor of installed power plant capacity; service life; efficiency of power plants. The complex methodology can be used when making a decision on the choice of a combination of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the best option and other technical systems.
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