夏、秋季渤海小型底栖动物类群组成及分布特征

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 夏、秋季渤海小型底栖动物类群组成及分布特征 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201801290236 作者: 作者单位: 中国海洋大学,中国海洋大学,中国海洋大学,中国海洋大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41576135） Meiofauna assemblage composition and distribution in the Bohai Sea during summer and autumn Author: Affiliation: Ocean University of China,Ocean University of China,Ocean University of China,Ocean University of China Fund Project: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41576135). 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:分别于2011年6月和11月，搭载"东方红2号"科学调查船在渤海海域（37.0°-40.0°N，118.0°-122.0°E）进行了小型底栖动物的取样，对小型底栖动物类群组成、丰度、生物量、空间分布及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果表明：研究海域小型底栖动物分布不均匀，表现为黄河口附近及近岸海域小型底栖动物丰度显著低于其他海域。小型底栖动物6月平均丰度高于11月，分别为（1012.7±519.1）个/10 cm2和（829.5±385.8）个/10 cm2，6月平均生物量低于11月，分别为（570.8±307.6）μg干重/10 cm2和（661.3±310.9）μg干重/10 cm2。两个航次共鉴定出18个小型底栖动物类群，其中自由生活海洋线虫为最优势类群，分别占小型底栖动物总丰度的95.0%和90.3%，占小型底栖动物总生物量的67.4%和45.3%。其他数量上较重要的类群还有底栖桡足类、多毛类、动吻类和双壳类等。其中，多毛类丰度具有显著的季节差异，其11月丰度高于6月。两个航次分别有93.6%（6月）和91.1%（9月）的小型底栖动物分布在0-5 cm的表层沉积物内，没有表现季节性垂直迁移。对小型底栖动物生物数据与环境因子的相关分析结果显示，小型底栖动物的丰度与沉积物中值粒径、含水率呈显著负相关，与有机质含量呈极显著负相关，表明这三个因子是决定研究海域小型底栖动物分布的重要因素。小型底栖动物群落组成与环境因子的BIOENV相关分析表明，水深、有机质含量的组合能够最好地解释小型底栖动物群落结构的差异。与渤海海域30年来的小型底栖动物研究比较发现，在过去30年里，渤海小型底栖动物（包括海洋线虫）丰度逐渐增加，而其中的底栖桡足类丰度却在逐渐减少。沉积环境的变化以及人类干扰是引起渤海海域小型底栖动物丰度变化的重要因素。 Abstract:To study the composition, abundance, biomass, and spatial distribution of meiofauna and their relationship with environmental variables, meiofauna samples were collected from the Bohai Sea (37.0°-40.0°N,118.0°-122.0°E) in June 2011 and November 2011 by R/V ‘Dongfanghong Ⅱ’. The results showed that meiofauna and nematode abundance was lower in the Yellow River estuary adjacent water and near shore water. Results also showed that meiofauna abundance differed between the two cruises, with higher abundance in June (1012.7±519.1) ind/10 cm2 compared to November (829.5±385.8) ind/10 cm2. In contrast, meiofauna biomass was higher in November (661.3±310.9) μg dwt/10 cm2 than in June (570.8±307.6) μg dwt/10 cm2. A total of 18 meiofaunal groups were identified during the two cruises. The dominant taxonomic group was free-living marine nematodes, constituting 95.0% and 90.3% of total meiofauna abundance in June and November, respectively. Other important groups were benthic copepods, polychaetes, kinorhynchs, and ostracods. Of these, polychaetes exhibited higher abundance in November compared to June, suggesting significant seasonal variation. Analysis of meiofaunal vertical distribution indicated that 93.5% and 91.1% of the meiofauna was distributed in the top 5 cm of the sediment in June 2011 and November 2011, respectively. No seasonal vertical distribution differences were detected. Correlation analysis between meiofauna abundance and different environmental variables showed that abundance was negatively correlated with sediment medium grain size, water content, and sediment organic matter content, suggesting that these parameters were the most important factors affecting meiofauna abundance and distribution in the study area. The results of BIOENV analysis indicated that the combination of water depth and organic matter content correlated best with the meiofaunal assemblage. After comparing the present data with meiofaunal historical data from the past 30 years in the Bohai Sea, we observed that total meiofauna abundance and biomass increased gradually over that period. However, while meiofauna and free-living nematode standing stock increased, copepod standing stocks decreased in the past 30 years. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献