Перколяционная модель формирования высокомодульных нанокомпозитов полимер/углеродные нанотрубки

Abstract

Production of the high-modulus nanocomposites polymer/carbon nanotubes and polymer/graphene at present is actual task and its solution is obviously important for such innovational industry sectors as air-, automobile industry, astronautics a.a. The general theoretical criterions of production of the indicated nanomaterials studied within the frameworks of percolative models of polymer nanocomposites reinforcement. These models assumed, that reinforcement degree or relative modulus of elasticity of polymer nanocomposites is defined by nanofiller structure in polymer matrix of nanocomposites. The structure of nanofiller (more exactly, its aggregates) can be characterized by fractal dimension of these aggregates. A various variants of percolative model of polymer nanocomposites reinforcement allow to taken into account such important for this class of nanomaterials parameters as the level of interfacial adhesion, relative content of interfacial regions (which are in the case of polymer nanocomposites the same reinforcing element of their structure as and actually nanofiller), aggregation degree of nanofiller a.a. Such approach allows to obtain functional interrelation between these characteristics and define conditions, which are necessary of production of high-modulus polymer nanocomposites. It was been found that for this goal achievement is necessary performance of the following conditions: realization of negative values of percolative index. Mathematically this condition is realized in the case, when aggregation degree is smaller, than volume content of nanofiller. Further, the usage of volume content of nanofiller larger than its percolation threshold and achievement of nanoadhesion effect are two following conditions. In the case of the indicated conditions performance percolative model predicts the possibility of production of polymer nanocomposites of the considered classes, which have mechanical characteristics, compared by its value with similar parameters for steel, but essentially smaller by weight.