Концептуально-методичні підходи до ідентифікації типологічних і логічно-структурних характеристик пріоритетних галузей національної економіки

Abstract

Strategic importance of the formation of priority sectors for the national economy is substantiated, according to which the country should strengthen its competitive positions, ensure socio-economic progress, and increase innovation and technological activity. The results of review of scientific publications, which mention strategic or priority types of economic activity, allowed to better systematize their composition and structure, identify approaches to selecting them depending on different variants of development of the country and its economy. One can find a number of publications where priority sectors are distinguished not in general for the national economy, but in view of certain functional or structural spheres, directions, etc. It is concluded that a priori to define and form the composition of priority sectors of the economy is objectively impractical and wrong. At the same time, when substantiating the system of priority types of economic activity, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of systemacity and complexity, as well as consistency. It is established that as economic grows and characteristics of the external environment change, while taking into account the strategic vision of the country’s place in the system of international division of labor, the vision of new types of economic activity should also change, which will become the locomotives of growth in the future, but at present they necessitate the training of relevant specialists, development of institutional infrastructure, and accumulation of resource provision. The classification of priority sectors of the national economy is formed in accordance with such signs as: industry affiliation, sectors of the economy, strategic orientation, depth of influence, chosen model of economic growth, factors of economic growth, stages of economic reproduction, investment potential. A logic-structural algorithm for identifying priority sectors of the economy is developed, taking into account the degree of vertical integration of economic progress and the level of realization of the country’s economic growth potential. It is determined that the priority sectors of the economy include sectors, types of economic activity, industries, their infrastructure and relations between them, the development of which at the current stage and in the strategic perspective ensures strengthening the competitive positions of the national economy in both the domestic and the foreign markets, a structurally balanced sustainable development of the country’s territories, the implementation of national economic and social interests, creating conditions for maintaining these positions.