УЧЕТ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ЛЕДОВЫХ УСЛОВИЙ ДЛЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРОЕКТОВ ГИДРОТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА НА РОССИЙСКОМ АРКТИЧЕСКОМ ШЕЛЬФЕ

Abstract

The implementation of economic projects in the Arctic zone requires a rational and environmentally-balanced approach within the framework of the sustainable nature management model. In order to minimize the negative consequences for the environment, it is customary to consider options and compare alternative design solutions that determine the impact indicators and ways to manage the environmental aspects of economic activity.Based on the results of field studies conducted in the Sharapov Shar Gulfin the Kara Sea,the characteristic features of the ice situation were identified, which are not covered in the current regulatory documents, but are necessary for the development of design documentation for hydraulic structures in compliance with the principles of sustainable development. Ice loads on a hydraulic structure should be determined on the basis of the ice situation in the structure construction area for the time period with the greatest ice impacts. The method for determining ice loads taking into account the features of stable fast ice is presented. The comparative analysis of hydraulic structures for construction in Sharapov Shar Gulf has been performed, the Gulf is a rare example of an area where sea ice forms stable ice fast ice throughout the entire period of maximum ice strength,which makes it possible to optimize design solutions. An analysis of the adequacy of the current RF regulatory requirements for performing engineering surveys and calculating the ice load was carried out, followed by the comparative analysis of the calculation results. The possibility of designing a gravity offshore hydraulic structure in the conditions of the Sharapov Shar Gulf has been substantiated, which significantly reduces the impact on the environment in comparison with alternative options suitable for the conditions of the Gulf. The PLAXIS2D software package is used to perform numerical simulation of the stress-strain state of the “ice-structure-base” system for the maximum load for each of the phases of the ice period, taking into account the nonlinear properties of the base soils. The development strategy of the project of a gravity hydraulic structure in the shallow waters of the Arctic sea shelf is determined using the elements of SWOT analysis. The gravity design of a hydraulic structure has obvious environmental advantages, which are expressed in minimal impact indicators in relation to other design options.