Інтродукційна характеристика деревних листяних рослин – созофітів світової флори при культивуванні на півдні України

Abstract

The results of introduction tests of 2016–2018 years of 12 species of deciduous woody plants with the international sozological status, cultivated in the Dendropark «Askania-Nova» are given in the paper: Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaerth., Amygdalus ledebouriana Schlecht, Calycanthus occidentalis Hook. et Arn., Caragana scythica (Kom.) Pojark., Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., Euonymus koopmanii Lauche, Genista tanaitica P. Smirn., Gleditsia caspia Desf., Аскания-Нова. Kolkwitzia amabilis Graeb., Liquidambar styraciflua L., Pyrus tadshikistanica V. Zapr., Staphylea colchica V. Zapr.It is determined that the duration of the vegetation season (200–256 days) ensures that they pass the annual cycle of development under new growth conditions, while the duration of the period with average air temperatures above 0° C are 280–317 days.Experienced sozophytes differ in sufficiently high ecological stability (only one species showed very low winter hardiness, two – from low to medium, the rest did not have damage from negative temperatures, low drought resistance is for one species, average – three, from medium to high – two, the rest have high drought resistance).All species are characterized by a one-time growth of shoots and good aging. Among them, species with medium growth rates predominate, three are weak, and three are quite strong.According to the duration of leaf formation, the most species with early foliage expansion and late leaf fall, as well as with late expansion and late fall of leaves, are less with late foliage expansion and very late leaf fall.Characterized species refer to spring-early blooming in summer. The duration of flowering is dominated by medium-blooming ones, one of them is short-blooming and another is long-term flowering. Plants of 10 species bloom abundantly or very abundantly, 4 of them differ stably with good fruit bearing, 1 – medium, 3 – weak to medium, 2 – weak. The degree of fruiting is mainly low in Euonymus koopmanii, Gleditsia caspia, Genista tanaitica, Staphylea colchica, against the background of a rather abundant annual flowering. One species blooms weakly and forms single fruits. Most ex- perimental plants have from 54–56 to 200 days phenological lag from the beginning of flowering to the maturation of seeds, which is sufficient for seed ripening in local conditions.The determined features of the species studied serve to assess their adaptation when introduced in the south of Ukraine and the perspectives of conservation in culture, the definition of optimal methods of maintenance. Described decorative properties of plants can be used in landscape design, when creating green planting of various functional purposes.