Антропометрические особенности челюстно-лицевой области у детей с врожденной патологией в периоде прикуса молочных зубов

Abstract

The paper analyzes the results of anthropometric studies of the face and biometric measurements of the gypsum models of the jaws of 60 children in the period of milk bite, of which a comparison group was formed (37 healthy children with physiological occlusion) and the main group (23 children with congenital one-sided cleft of the upper lip, palate and alveolar process). Based on the results of biometrics, including the determination of the dimensions of the dental arches in the transversal, sagittal, diagonal directions, as well as the overall length and length of the frontal section, a mathematical-graphic reproduction has been modeled, allowing the most accurate representation of the individual shape of the upper dental arch in the bite of the infant teeth. The results of anthropometric studies of the face suggest that children with congenital maxillofacial pathology have features due to the severity of the anomaly, with the most significant changes observed on the side of non-growth of the upper lip, palate and alveolar process. In children with clefts of the upper lip, palate and alveolar process, the vertical parameters of the middle and gnathic parts of the face, as well as the sagittal, transversal and diagonal indices of the dental arches, which establish constriction, shortening of the dentition and upper jaw dimensions on the defect side, have statistically significant differences in comparison with a physiological norm.