流域生态系统服务簇变化及影响因素——以大清河流域为例

Abstract

生态系统服务簇是多种生态系统服务的组合，是生态系统多功能性中的主导功能表征。识别生态系统服务簇的空间和功能变化及影响因素，可为基于主导功能实施分区管理策略、统筹土地多功能性，进而为整体提升区域生态系统服务提供参考。本研究以大清河流域为例，选取6种生态系统服务（水资源供给服务、粮食供给服务、水源涵养服务、水质净化服务、土壤保持服务、固碳服务），在乡镇尺度上探讨了生态系统服务簇的变化特征，研究了影响其变化的主要因素。结果表明：（1）依据主导的生态系统服务类型，大清流域可以分为3个生态系统服务簇，生态调节服务簇（B1），农产品供给服务簇（B2）和人居环境簇（B3）；（2）2000-2015年，生态调节服务簇的空间格局变幅最大，乡镇变化率为19.6%，而农产品供给服务簇和人居环境簇的空间稳定性较强，变化率小于5.0%；生态系统服务簇类型发生转化的区域主要位于服务簇交界处；（3）尽管服务簇在空间上有变化，但生态调节服务簇、农产品供给服务簇和人居环境簇的生态系统服务呈增长趋势，平均增幅高达8.62%；（4）自然本底条件和生态保护政策是驱动生态调节服务簇变化的主要因素，农产品供给和建设用地面积的变化分别是驱动农产品供给服务簇和人居环境簇时空变化的主要因素。该案例研究结果为管理土地多功能属性、整体提升国土空间功能提供了有效的途径。;Ecosystem service bundle is the combination of multiple ecosystem services, and it could serve as the dominant function characterization of ecosystem multifunctionality. The identification of the spatial and functional changes and the driving factors of ecosystem service bundles can provide reference for dominant functions based zoning management strategies, land versatility coordination, and integrative promotion of regional ecosystem services. Taking the Daqing River Basin as an example, this study selected six ecosystem services as criteria based on the actual situation, including two types of supply services (water yield and crop production) and four kinds of regulation services (water retention, water purification, soil retention, and carbon sequestration). On the township scale, the characteristics of ecosystem service bundle dynamics were discussed, and the main driving factors were investigated. The results indicated that:(1) According to the dominant ecosystem service, the Daqing River Basin can be divided into three ecosystem service bundles, namely, ecological regulation bundle (B1), agricultural product supply bundle (B2) and human settlement bundle (B3); (2) From 2000 to 2015, the spatial pattern of ecological regulation bundle changed the most greatly, with a change rate of 19.6%, while the agricultural product supply bundle and human settlement bundle had relatively strong spatial stability, with a change rate lower than 5.0%. The changes of ecosystem service bundle types mainly happened at the junction of different bundles; (3) The ecosystem services of all the three bundles showed overall increasing trends simultaneously, with an average increase rate of 8.62%; (4) Initial status of natural background and ecological protection policies were the main factors driving the change of ecological regulation bundle. Meanwhile, the temporal and spatial changes of agricultural product supply bundle and human settlement bundle were mainly driven by agricultural products supply and built-up land area, respectively. The results of this study could provide effective approach to manage the multi-functional properties of the land and enhance the overall function of territory space.