Горные ландшафты Полярного Урала как объекты традиционного природопользования (По результатам опросов оленеводов)

Abstract

Introduction. The North is traditionally perceived as the endless plains used by reindeer herders for long-distance migrations. However, polar regions are also represented by the mountains with specific nature management. Sustainability is characteristic of historically established ways of management in the mountains based on spatial and temporal organization of landscapes adapted to local conditions at the most. The Polar Urals is the historically existing areal- the joint habitat of different peoples: the Nenets people (prevailing among indigenous peoples of the Russian North), the Khanty, and the Komi-Zyryans. At present, the Polar Urals is one of the stable centers of traditional reindeer husbandry. Climate change and “civilization” influence are challenges to traditional mountain nature management as they introduce a number of uncertainties into the existing system of interaction between the population and nature calling for local communities adaptation. Materials and methods. In this study, the method of interviewing based on the authors’ questionnaire was used. Results. The regional specifics of the mountain nature management and self-identification of reindeer herders of the Polar Urals as compared to other clans of their ethnic groups are shown. Besides pastures, water and wood (being decisive in the well-being of local communities) are among most important natural benefits provided by the Polar Urals landscapes. Conclusion. The reindeer herders of the Polar Urals try to preserve the traditional nature management through successful adaptation to modern challenges (e.g. climate change). To a large extent, they consider the introduction of novel technical achievements positively. Suggestions for practical application and direction for future research. The results of the study can be used in the preparation of regional and municipal programs to support traditional nature management in the Polar Urals, and the development of measures to adapt it to modern challenges.