ПРИФРОНТОВІ ПОДІЛЬСЬКІ МІСТА І МІСТЕЧКА ПІД ЧАС ВЕЛИКОЇ ВІЙНИ: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ТА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА БУДИНКІВ ШТАБІВ ПІВДЕННО-ЗАХІДНОГО ФРОНТУ У КАМ’ЯНЦІ-ПОДІЛЬСЬКОМУ ТА ПРОСКУРОВІ

Abstract

The article provides superficial information about the state of frontline towns and cities of Podilya during the First World War. Documents on the destruction of houses in the first days of the capture of Kamyanets-Podilskyi by Austrian troops are given. The plan of the city of Kamyanets-Podilskyi in 1905, on which there were marked the buildings where the headquarters of the divisions of the South-Western Front in 1915-1916 were located, is used in the article. Selected documents from the archives of the Southern Army concerning the events on the Russian-Austrian Front in 1915-1918, preserved in AGAD, are presented in the article, as well as a brief description of them. The main emphasis in the article is on the condition of the two buildings in which the headquarters of the South-Western Front were located, and the commander of the front, O. Brusilov, probably lived there. The historical past of the house at 38 Lesya Ukrainka Street in Kamyanets-Podilskyi is analyzed and its architectural description is given. Local historians suggest that the building under study was built at the expense of the city as a residence for the reception of guests and delegations by the mayor. During his visit to Kamyanets-Podilskyi on March 30, 1916, Russian Emperor Nicholas II spent the night in the house with his adjutant, Count Vladimir Fredericks. Local historians also suggest that it was here that General Alexey Brusilov planned his famous breakthrough with Russian troops on the Austro-German front. In 1917, General Lavr Kornilov had a conversation in the house with the future Hetman of Ukraine, then General of the Russian Army Pavlo Skoropadskyi, about his participation in the coup and the overthrow of the Provisional Government. The same is done for the house at 4 Gagarina Street in Khmelnytskyi (historical name of the city is Proskuriv). The appendices contain secret maps of the Austrian military command, unpublished drawings and forgotten photographs of the 1920s and 1930s, which show the condition of some cultural heritage sites after the Great (First) World War. Of the large number of the listed real estate objects, only two of the above-described monuments, namely the house at 38 Lesya Ukrainka Street in Kamyanets-Podilskyi and the house at 4 Gagarina Street in Khmelnytskyi, monument protection accounting documentation was prepared. Other real estate objects, mentioned in the publication, in the settlements of Ternopil and Khmelnytskyi regions, which were damaged during the Great War, remain unexplored, unpromising and forgotten.