ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ КАК ВАЖНОЕ УСЛОВИЕ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ БУЛЛИНГА В ПОДРОСТКОВОЙ СРЕДЕ

Abstract

In the article, the author reveals the concept of a psychologically safe environment as an important condition for the prevention of bullying among adolescents; provides an analysis of domestic and foreign studies of a psychologically safe environment; describes the phenomenon of “bullying”, the first publications, “bullying structure”, the main forms of manifestation. The main distinctive features of the bullying phenomenon (systematicity, duration, uneven distribution of forces, intentionality, purposefulness) are emphasized. The author presents the results of a psychological and pedagogical experiment on the basis of schools and colleges in the Tula region, conducted in order to identify personal characteristics of modern adolescents and, on their basis, develop a program for the formation of a psychologically safe educational environment as a condition for the prevention of bullying. During the psychological and pedagogical experiment, a significant number of respondents were identified with a high level of aggressiveness (24 %), a high level of anxiety (40 %), a low level of learning (12 %), low selfesteem (21 %), which allowed the author to assert about the threat of the formation of bullying structures in the educational institutions studied, as well as a significant decrease in the psychological safety of students. The article also presents the fundamentals of a psychological and peda-gogical program for the formation of a psychologically safe educational environment and the prevention of bullying in the modern teenage environment, based on empirical data from the ascertaining experiment. In addition, the author presents an analysis of the control stage of the experiment carried out after the implementation of the preventive program in order to analyze its effectiveness. The analysis of the control experiment shows that the respondents' levels of anxiety and aggressiveness decreased, their cognitive interest increased, and the number of “outcast” adolescents decreased. In the conclusion of the article, the author emphasizes that the personal characteristics of students are an important condition for the formation of a psycho-logically safe educational environment and the prevention of teenage bullying.