Трансформация религиозного сознания в России: единство в многообразии

Abstract

The article examines the features of religious consciousness in Russia, uses evolutionary-energy and systemic approaches. The author identifies two lines of transformation of religious consciousness — internal and external. All major confessions are represented in Russia, which determines the internal processes of globalization of religious consciousness. Currently, a common field of religious consciousness is being formed from the interaction of religions, a consensus is being formed on the geopolitical situation of Russia, as well as on the protection of traditional values. At the same time, in a number of regions there is a hidden tension between representatives of different religions and between atheists and believers. In addition, the State plays an important role in the processes of religious life, which is dictated by security considerations, maintaining interethnic and interreligious peace, and the need to combat extremism. The external line of transformation of religious consciousness in Russia is determined by the fact that new religious movements and teachings come to the country from outside, with some exceptions. In each selected line, the levels of religious consciousness peculiar to them are analyzed. National, ethnic, cultural levels characterize the inner line, cultural and cognitive-educational levels are more characteristic of the outer line. The author pays special attention to the highest levels of religious consciousness (system-historical and system-spiritual), which are associated with Russian religious philosophy and Russian cosmism. They determine the integrity of the religious worldview, all its levels, contribute to the formation of a synthetic worldview that unites science, religion and philosophy. These theoretical positions of Russian religious thought are embodied in various spiritual forms, various projects and social formations — at lower levels of religious consciousness.