СЛОВОТВІРНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДІАЛЕКТНОЇ ЛЕКСИКИ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ГОВОРІВ ОДЕЩИНИ

Abstract

The article deals with the analysis of the dialectal vocabulary of Odessa region from the point of its word-building peculiarities: the ways of forming dialectisms and the peculiarity of using the word- building affixes are viewed in this article. The research of word formation peculiarities of the dialectal lexicon in order to differentiate the territorial dialects is very perspective. Such research is of great importance for Ukrainian dialects of Odessa region, where you can discover the coexistence of different dialects: south-western and south-eastern. Having analyzed 600 derivatives from „Ukrainian Dictionary of Odessa region’s dialects” [13], we found out that most of the derivatives are formed with the help of suffixes (suffixal method). The most frequently used suffixes in the process of creating were the following: -к(а), -ник, -ар(-яр), -к(и), -ак(-як), -ик, -ов, although it is obvious that the usage of the suffixes (-ар(-яр), -к(и), -ак(-як) in the literary language is much less frequent than in the dialect speech. Such suffixes as -ут(а), -уш(а), -л(-о), -н(я) are used much more frequently in the dialect language than in the literary one. There was a surprising gap in the amount of derivatives formed by suffixal method and derivatives formed by morphemic and non-morphemic methods. For example, there were not words formed by the prefixal method. Only ten derivatives are formed by prefixal and suffixal methods (беста рка, беста рник, бизро шка, за стінок, підпа рок, підпа лок, підлоко тник, відзе мок, відмо стка, вистрелювати). Only 8 derivatives are formed by the word formation method, word formation and suffixal methods, and word formation and non-affixal methods (близоо кий, близькогла зий, верхопла вка, винодєлка, водово зка, водово зня, круподьо рка, винодєл). Only one derivative is formed by the lexical-syntactic method (заприду х), 14 derivative nouns are formed by morphological and syntactic methods (вечірня, вибіжна , вісова , запускна , зорова , їздо вий, кормова , кормови й, перекидна , підвозна , пи сана, рогова , синова , стоя ча). And the following derivatives are formed by using the lexical-semantic method: бо мба, борода , восто к, голо вка, гри ва, коби ла, козе л, по лька, се рце, шашли к, ши я, щур1 , щур2 . The largest group among the analyzed dialectal vocabulary are derivative nouns, derivative adjectives following them. Verbs and nouns make the motivating base for forming derivatives, but adjectives and numerals are observed among the motivating words as well. The motivating base for forming most dialectal words is common words from both dialect and literary languages. New dialectal words are rarely formed from other dialectal words.