Контекстні хімічні завдання як засіб реалізації інтегрованої підготовки майбутніх вчителів природознавчих дисциплін

Abstract

The article depicts didactic and functional possibilities of contextual tasks while teaching Chemical studies (on the example of organic and inorganic Chemistry), it also demonstrates the role of forming integrated natural competences of future Nature Studies teachers. The concept of contextual approach is directed on the necessity of gaining new knowledge and its further application for improving the preparation of future Nature Studies teachers. The usage of contextual tasks provides all- round development of students, readiness to the independent work and increasing the professional level of future specialists. Contextual tasks enrich the traditional contest of Natural studies in pedagogical establishments of higher education by using the tasks directed to the application of the knowledge in situations which are close to future professional activity. Besides, the application of contextual tasks of different levels with the usage of different sections of Chemistry gives the objective evaluation of the student competence in the subject. The article discloses the concept of the notion «contextual task», observes the principles of its designing, it proves the meaning of the tasks of the similar types, role and placement of the contextual tasks in forming professional competence of future specialists while preparing teachers of Nature disciplines (Chemistry, Physics, and Biology). The main stages of constructing textual tasks are depicted. The authors distinguish the following types of contextual tasks in general and inorganic chemistry: subjective tasks (the conditions of these tasks are subjective problematic situation), interdisciplinary tasks (the conditions of such tasks reveal connections of Chemistry with other disciplines), practical (the condition contains the problematic situation and to solve it the students have to apply knowledgein different subjects and those gainedin practice, in everyday experience etc.) The article demonstrates some examples of different types of contextual tasks. To the authors’ mind contextual tasks as a mean of integration of the contest of substantive fields of natural-scientific disciplines give students the opportunity to get interdisciplinary knowledge concerning their future professional activity, form cultural and professional competence in Chemistry, Physics, Biology according to new educational standards.