Вплив площі живлення рослин сорго цукрового та кукурудзи на їх ріст, розвиток та урожайність зеленої маси в сумісних посівах

Abstract

To obtain high yields of green mass, it is necessary to get a friendly emergence. It provides the optimum density of plant standing per unit area, which depends on the seed rate and the method of sowing. Only optimal nutrition area makes maximal productivity of each plant. The method of sowing and the density of plant standing depend on the morphological characteristics of the varieties, the length of their vegetation period. One of the main advantages of compatible crops is the increase of the total leaf surface, the improvement of morphological and biological parameters of plants due to the more optimal arrangement of the leaf surface. And it results in the possibility of increasing the coefficient of solar radiation and its more full use in photosynthesis. When growing compatible crops of sweet sorghum and corn, juicy stems of sorghum are mixing with the semi-dry weight of corn. They are equally moisturizing it and creating favorable conditions for lactic acid fermentation and obtaining high quality silos. As a result of this placement, both crops will be in the same conditions, form an align stem standing and provide the maximum yield of biomass. Purpose of our researh is to determine the effect of plant nutrition on the growth, development and productivity of sweet sorghum and corn in compatible crops. Methods: field, analytical, statistical. Results. Research was conducted in 2013-2016years in the experimental field of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. The research was carried out according to the following scheme: Factor A is the width of the row: 1). 45 cm; 2). 70 cm. Factor B is the density of standing (sweet sorghum and corn) 1). 100 and 50 thsd/ha; 2). 120 and 60 thsd/ha; 3). 140 and 70 thsd/ha. In the experiment we saw the hybrid of corn Monica 350 MB and the hybrid of sweet sorghum Dovista in compatible crops. Field germination of seeds in compatible crops of sweet sorghum and corn varied depending on the investigated factors. The field germination in the hybrid of sweet sorghum Dovista, on average over the years of research, was 77.2-77.8% and 78.5-79.0%, respectively for the width between rows 45 and 70 cm and the density of plants standing 100-140 thsd/ha. The field germination of seeds in the hybrid of corn Monica 350 MB was 83.9-84.5% and 84.2-84.9% for the widths between rows 45 and 70 cm and the density of plant standing 50-70 thsd/ha. This is higher on 5.7-6.8% compared to sweet sorghum. It was established that compatible crops of sweet sorghum and corn increase a tendency to field germination of seeds on 0.3-1.3% when increase inter-row spacing from 45 to 70 cm and on 0.5-0.7% when change plants density from 50 to 70 thsd/ha and from 100 to 140 thsd/ha. The highest plants of sweet sorghum (302.0 cm) and corn (255.8 cm) were in variant with a width between rows 45 cm and plant density 140 and 70 thsd/ha. The highest indexes of leaf surface area (53.35 thsd m 2 /ha), photosynthetic potential (3.87 mln m 2 •days/ha), net productivity of photosynthesis (5.82 g/m 2 •day) are indicated in the variant with inter-row spacing 45 cm and density of standing of sweet sorghum and corn 140 and 70 thsd/ha. Increasing the inter-row spacing from 45 to 70 cm and reducing the density of plants from 140 and 70 to 100 and 50 thsd/ha lead to decrease of leaf surface area on 0.5-0.8%, photosynthetic potential on 1.6-2.4%, net productivity of photosynthesis on 0.5-1.4%. The maximum yield (85.4 t/ha) of green mass of sweet sorghum and corn in compatible crops on average over the years of research, is marked in the variant with inter-row spacing 45 cm and the density of plants standing in sweet sorghum 140 thsd/ha and in corn 70 thsd/ha. The yield of green mass decreases on 2.3-3.2% in inter-row spacing 70 cm, compared to the 45 cm. Changing plant density from 50 to 70 thsd/ha in corn and from 100 to 140 thsd/ha in sweet sorghum increases the yield of green mass on 6.4-7.1%. Key words: sweet sorghum, corn, compatible crops, standing density, inter-row spacing