Повышение урожайности семян клевера лугового за счет активизации лётно-опылительной деятельности пчел

Abstract

The development of animal husbandry and the transfer of agriculture to a biological basis requires an in-crease in the area of crops of perennial leguminous grasses. For the conditions of the Northern part of the Central Black Earth region of the Russian Federation, meadow clover is one of the most popular crops. In the Orel region over the past 10 years, meadow clover in its pure form and in grass mixtures occupied an average of 41.8% in the structure of perennial grasses. For more efficient economic use of clover, it is ne-cessary to improve the provision of farms with its seeds, which requires the development and implemen-tation of new environmentally friendly methods of cultivation technology. Red clover is a strictly cross-pollinated, entomophilous plant. Natural self-pollination does not exceed 1–3%. The main pollinators of meadow clover are currently honeybees, which perform up to 90% of the pollination work on the produc-tion sowings of this crop. To increase seed gathering, the effectiveness of the drug Pollinus use, which increases the attractiveness of meadow clover as a honey plant, was established. The treatment of seed herbage with the Pollinus attractant allowed to increase the seed yield by 20.1 kg/ha (+21.2% to the con-trol). Due to the intensification of the flight-pollination activity of bees, the seed set in treated area was 65.1%, the semination of heads inflorescences – 58.9%, which exceeded the control (untreated area) by 16.9 and 15.9%, respectively. The use of attractant was economically profitable, since the price of seed crop increase is higher than additional costs by 2500–3500 rubles/ha.