Морфологические особенности и микробиота тонкой кишки

Abstract

a single organ, without a clear division into segments. The problem of intestinal anastomotic leakage has not yet been resolved, and its proportion is from 3.4 to 15.3%, with a mortality rate of up to 18.6%. Identification of the anatomical features of different segments of the small intestine and their contents is of practical importance in surgery in terms of prevention of complications. Aim. Identification of morphological features of different segments of the small intestine and their microbiota. Materials and methods. An examination of 26 samples of the small intestine during autopsy was performed. The morphological features of the small intestine, its intraluminal microbiota composition, as well as leukocyte infiltration of the intestinal wall were studied at different distances from the ligament of Treitz. Results. The morphological characteristics of the small intestine are both individual (length) and common (changes in venous architectonics and a gradual decrease in intestinal diameter in the caudal direction). The number and cellular composition of leukocytes in the wall of the small intestine are approximately the same, which provides equal immunological protection regardless of the distance from the ligament of Treitz. The concentration of microbial communities and their qualitative composition change at different lengths of the small intestine, with a gradual increase towards the terminal segment. Changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota in the intestinal lumen do not lead to changes in the leukocyte reaction. Conclusion. When planning and performing a surgical operation, it is necessary to take into account the presence of different volumes and species composition of the bacterial load, as well as the morphological characteristics of different segments of the small intestine.