ГЛАГОЛЫ ДВИЖЕНИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ СЛАВЯНСКИХ ЯЗЫКАХ

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to conduct a comparative study of groups of motion verbs in Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Upper Sorbian languages, as well as to analyze the results of the evolution of the motion verbs’ system in modern Bulgarian, Serbian and Croatian languages. The subjects of this study are the composition, semantic and grammatical features of imperfective non-prefixed verbs of motion. These verbs differ on the basis of unidirectional/non-unidirectional (multidirectional) movement. Methods of semantic, grammatical, etymological, comparative analysis, historical and descriptive methods are used in this linguistic research. Identifying differences in the functioning of East Slavonic, West Slavonic, South Slavonic verbs of motion in synchrony and diachrony is the finding of research. The comparison of different Slavonic systems of verbs of motion revealed some archaic features of Common Slavonic verbs of  motion and some results of semantic and grammatical evolution of these verb systems. In general, the old Common Slavonic system of verbs of motion that existed before the derivation of the category of verbal aspect retains the main feature of differentiation on the basis of opposition of unidirectional and non‑unidirectional (multidirectional) movement. The loss of some pairs of verbs of motion in East and West Slavonic languages and complete loss of correlation of paired verbs of motion in South Slavonic languages is due to two reasons: 1) the divergence of lexical meanings of these verbs in pairs; 2) the development of the productive process of derivation of aspect verb pairs, in which the non-prefixed verbs opposed on the meaning of unidirectional and non-unidirectional movement evolve to the pairs of verbs opposed on aspects: perfective or imperfective (with or without prefixes). The practical value of the research is to use the results of it to optimize the processes of learning Slavonic languages as foreign, as well as for fundamental studies of the evolution of the Slavic verb.