Abstract
The paper discusses the issues of entrepreneurial potential of an individual. The problem is quite relevant for the Russian socio-economic environment in times of transition to the innovation-oriented economy since the level of entrepreneurial activity is becoming a determining indicator of economic growth. Evaluation of individual business activity in the economy allows determining the potential of the business community, identifying the incentives and deterrents for its development. The paper consistently reveals the essence of entrepreneurial intentions of an individual and the conditions for their implementation in various models of the economy. The authors consider the motivational mechanism which involves an individual into the business activity and helps to distinguish two kinds of entrepreneurs – “if necessary” and “if possible”. By exploring the models of resource-oriented, efficiency-oriented and innovation-oriented economy, the significant factors are examined that contribute to the implementation of entrepreneurial intentions of an individual in each of them. The objective conditions of the environment determine the quality and dynamics of business activity. Forced entrepreneurship motivated by the satisfaction of basic vital needs is prevalent in the resource-based economy. The peculiarity of this economic model explains the economic dynamism of business activity both in terms of starting the business and its termination. The characteristic features of efficiency-oriented and innovation-oriented economy allow considering the conditions of formation and development of voluntary entrepreneurship aimed at self-realization of an individual, apart from material well-being growth. Innovative economy creates favorable conditions for implementation of the business potential of an individual. The formation of such “framework conditions” for entrepreneurship in the economy actualizes innovation potential of Russian entrepreneurs and leads to the increase in “highly demanding” business that transforms innovation into economic growth.
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