Жалғыздық философиялық мәселе ретінде

Abstract

Being one of the important issues of philosophy, the phenomenon of loneliness is in the attention of some other sciences, such as psychology, pedagogy, linguistics, sociology, cultural and religion studies. The problem of loneliness becomes the most relevant and acute in the context of the modern lifestyle. Understanding the phenomenon of loneliness leads to an understanding of the essence of man, but the problem of loneliness is ambiguous. The main research methods are description, classification, systematization and comparison of research data based on cultural, anthropological, hermeneutic, cognitive analysis, synthesis and generalization of domestic and foreign sources. Phenomenology and existentialism have been developed and systematized in the philosophical consideration of loneliness. Phenomenology considered loneliness from the point of view of intersubjectivity, i.e., the possibility or impossibility of a person’s epistemological connection with other people, the recognition of their common being, and the loneliness of the “I”. In existentialism, loneliness became the principle of a closed anthropological universe, and internal isolation became the basis of individual existence. However, the existing socio-philosophical approaches and directions related to loneliness are considered insufficiently developed, since these approaches are not enough to reveal its subtleties. As a result of studying loneliness as a philosophical problem, it was determined that it is common to all people, but has different characteristics for each person. In world philosophy, there are conflicting views on the problem of loneliness, which has become a common phenomenon in our society since ancient times: 1) loneliness was considered a positive initiative from the point of view of intellectual loneliness, which was allowed in ancient society; 2) loneliness was seen as a multifaceted, insidious disease among social diseases, multifaceted, insidious, dangerous to health, against happiness, having negative qualities, causing discontent. Thus, intellectual seclusion was allowed in ancient society, and served the sages and philosophers.