Abstract
The possibility of reconstructing the bells in the architectural and town planning structure is considered on the example of the city of Moscow. The basis of the Russian cities are a fortress, fortifications, towns and settlements. With the adoption of Christianity, the dominant role in the planning-spatial system of Russian cities belongs to spiritual objects (temples, bell towers, monasteries). Each settlement has its own cathedral church, which is an architectural dominant. It also serves as a compositional and spiritual guide. Russian city becomes the keeper of spiritual values. The warning and the call of the townspeople are conducted from deep antiquity, an important role in this is played by the bells that came to life of the Russian people with the adoption of Christianity at the end of the ХХ century, most likely from Western Europe, and almost immediately became part of Russian culture. With the invention of flat bells for the first time in the world, it is possible to carry out studies of bell ringing in the laboratory. The Moscow bells of the first half of the ХVIII century, decreed by the Dicasteria (spiritual consistory) in 1727, was reconstructed using the method of imposing on the plan of Moscow created by architect Ivan Michurin at 1739 in accordance with the list of temples and monasteries participating in the bells after the Cathedral bells of the Great Assumption Cathedral. The Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Kadashi is located on the main compositional and sentinel axis of Moscow (the Ivan the Great Bell Tower is the Church of the Ascension in the village of Kolomenskoye). New churches are being built, there is a revival of the traditions of the bell ringing — a unique component of Russian culture, which must be integrated into the spiritual life of the city and the Russian tourist practice.
Highlights
The warning and the call of the townspeople are conducted from deep antiquity, an important role in this is played by the bells that came to life of the Russian people with the adoption of Christianity at the end of the ХХ century, most likely from Western Europe, and almost immediately became part of Russian culture
With the invention of flat bells for the first time in the world, it is possible to carry out studies of bell ringing in the laboratory
The Moscow bells of the first half of the ХVIII century, decreed by the Dicasteria in 1727, was reconstructed using the method of imposing on the plan of Moscow created by architect Ivan Michurin at 1739 in accordance with the list of temples and monasteries participating in the bells after the Cathedral bells of the Great Assumption Cathedral
Summary
The warning and the call of the townspeople are conducted from deep antiquity, an important role in this is played by the bells that came to life of the Russian people with the adoption of Christianity at the end of the ХХ century, most likely from Western Europe, and almost immediately became part of Russian culture. В жизнь русского народа колокола прочно вошли с принятием христианства в конце Х века, придя вероятнее всего из Западной Европы, и практически сразу стали частью русской культуры, сопровождая жизнь православного человека от рождения, крещения и венчания до отпевания.
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