回転追跡学習に及ぼすモデル提示とイメージリハーサルの効果 : 特に生理的反応とパフォーマンスの分析に基づいて

Abstract

Generally, the method by observing a model or rehearsing a skill with imagery is often regarded as an effective technique in the initial stage of acquiring a motor skill. It was the purpose of the present study to determine the effects of video-tape replay (VTR) of model skills and image rehearsal (IR) on the early stage of acquiring a pursuit rotor skill, in terms of performance, electric myographic (EMG) and respiratory measurements. Concerning the VTR, the camera angle for the model, 0 degrees (subjective angle, VTRS) or 180 degrees (objective angle, VTRO), was specifically varied as an important experimental variable. Sixty male undergraduate students were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental treatment groups. The four groups were as follows: VTRS-observing the model skill via VTR at subjective angle ; VTRO-observing the model via VTR at objective angle ; IR-rehearsing a skill with imagery; and control group (CON)-observing a regular TV program via VTR. These four experimental treatments were administered between the original learning phases and the post-test phases. The original learning phases on pursuit rotor task consisted of fifteen 30 sec-trials with 15 sec-intertrial rests and the post-tests were three 30 sec-trials with 15 sec-intertrial rests. The four groups were first given fifteen 30 sec-trials with 15sec-intertrial rests on pursuit rotor task. Immediately following the pre-training, VTRS and VTRO were asked to observe and image the model skill via VTR under the same trial conditions of the pre-training. IR was received image rehearsal training under the same trial condition of the pre-training, while the control was required to observe the regular TV program via VTR. During this experimental treatment period, EMG and resperatory responses were recorded for each subject, respectively. After that, all subjects were administered three post-test trials (30 sec-trials with 15 intertrial rests) on pursuit rotor task again. As the performance measures, time on target scores on pursuit rotor task were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance which detected no significant difference (P>.05) for the mean post test scores among the four groups. Concerning EMG, the patterns of EMG were classified into four typical groups, namely tonic type, regular change type, irregular change type, and non-visible change type. Both VTRO and VTRS showed the most frequencies for the tonic type, and IR did for the regular change type, while CON did for the irregular change type. These frequencies of the four EMG patterns on musculi flexor carpi radialis and musculi deltoideus were significantly different (P<.05) among the four groups. Furthermore, coefficients of variation (CV) for respiratory frequencies were analyzed. The average of CV were significantly different (P<.01) between rest and image training periods for VTRO and VTRS, but not for IR. IR showed relatively higher CV during image training periods than VTRO or VTRS.