Частота нарушений сердечного ритма у детей по данным Холтеровского мониторирования ЭКГ

Abstract

The aim of the research. To study the frequency and structure of cardiac arrhythmias in children. Material and methods. Analysis of the results of 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring of 255 children who underwent outpatient and inpatient examinations at the Irkutsk State Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital was carried out. The age of the patients ranged from 2 months to 18 years. For SCM-ECG, the following devices were used: Holter-DMS (Russia), Card(X)plore (Hungary), Schiller MT-200 (Switzerland). Results. The most common rhythm disturbances were supraventricular pacemaker migration (96%), 2nd degree sinoatrial blockade (86%), a combination of supraventricular pacemaker migration, SA blockade and single supraventricular extrasystoles (21%). These arrhythmias belong to the first variant of the syndrome of weakness of the sinus node associated with disorders of the autonomic nervous system. The second variant of the syndrome of weakness of the sinus node was detected in 39.2%, the third variant was not detected in any child and variant 4 was found in 26.3% of the cases. Ectopic activity in the form of supraventricular extrasystole was detected in 66%, ventricular extrasystole – in 15% of the children. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia was registered in 6% of cases, ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia – in 1.2% of the children. Atrioventricular blockade of the 1st degree was detected in 16%, 2nd degree of the 1st type – in 7.5%, 2nd degree of the 2nd type – in 3.1%, 3rd degree – in 0.8% of the examined children. The WPW syndrome occurred in 3.5% of the cases, long QT syndrome – in 1.6%, atrial fibrillation and flutter – in 0.8% of the cases. Thus, life-threatening arrhythmias were detected in 49 children (19%). Conclusion. A variety of forms of rhythm and conduction disturbances, which are often life-threatening and can lead to sudden cardiac death, is characteristic for both children and adults.