ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СУФФОЗИОННОЙ ОПАСНОСТИ ТЕРРИТОРИИ БУГУЛЬМИНСКОГО ПЛАТО БУГУЛЬМИНСКО-БЕЛЕБЕЕВСКОЙ ВОЗВЫШЕННОСТИ

Abstract

This work is devoted to the studies of the territory, located in the south-eastern part of the Republic of Tatarstan. Despite the high anthropogenic development of the territory (several large cities are located in this part of the Republic of Tatarstan, several oil fields are being developed, a number of large industrial plants operate), the engineering and geological study is significantly inferior to the western and central parts of the Republic of Tatarstan.This is due to the wide spread of eluvial soils in this part of the territory, which everywhere come out on the daytime surface and are the basis of the foundations of buildings and structures. Except the high degree of diversity of physical and mechanical properties, as in area so in depth rates, these soils have a high degree of suffosion instability.This creates serious problems while design of the bases of buildings and structures composed of eluvial soils. Another problem is created by the fact that anthropogenic development of territories contributes to a significant activation of suffosionprocesses, and can lead to serious deformations of the foundations of buildings and structures.The purpose of the performed studies was to conduct a comprehensive engineering and geological assessment of eluvial soils with the identification of types of new weathering crusts, as well as an assessment of the suffusion danger of the Bugulma plateau territory, taking into account the parameters of fracturing and suffosion stability of soils.The authors present the results of the typification of laboratory studies, the main physical and mechanical properties, mineral composition and spatial patterns of the distribution of suffusion dangerous soils on the territory of the Bugulma plateau of the Bugulma-Belebey upland.Lithological varieties of eluvial soils are identified all forms of weathering crust in the studied area are described in detail. Based on spatial analysis in the ArcMap 10.8 software environment, a map of geological and geomorphological processes of the Bugulma plateau territory was constructed, karst-suffusion processes were classified according to geological, geomorphological, hydrogeological conditions in accordance with the types of geological environment.The assessment of the suffosion danger of soils of the studied territory was carried out, the parameters of fracturing and suffosion stability were calculated. It is established that all the differences of structureless eluvium developed in the upper part of the geological cross section within the studied territory are potentially suffosion-unstable. The calculations of suffosion damage have shown that studied area in terms of the intensity of Failure formation belongs mainly to moderately dangerous, and in river valleys and terraces deposit of large rivers like Ik, Sheshma, StepnoyZay — to moderately dangerous. The results will be useful both for making preliminary design decisions on undeveloped territories and for predicting the development of unfavorable engineering and geological processes on the areas of existing buildings and structures.