폭력과 저항의 탈근대적 논의와 기독교 평화주의

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explore the direction of Christian pacifism in the context of postmodern theories of violence and resistance. The postmodern debate on violence has been deployed in the trends of extreme structure of violence. In a postmodern era, the theories of violence have being paid attention to the social phenomena of symbolic and cultural violence rather than direct violence. As the politics of resistance to the structural violence which has been prevalent in postmodern society, Walter Benjamin and Slavoj ?iz?ek emphasize the divine violence. However, the divine violence could not overcome the violent tendencies towards revolutionary violence. Etienne Balibar proposes a notion, Anti-violence, the politics of civilite in order to resolve the problem of the vicious cycle of violence. Balibar’s concept of anti-violence gives a theoretical possibility to the political resistance of Christian pacifism. In the Christian politics, the resistant strategy of violence has been developed by the dichotomous logic in just war and non-violence. The theory of just war has been related to the against-violence theory. So the theory has developed as the radical political theology such as Liberation theology. This theory has a problem of excessive violence. Because of the problem, some Christian pacifists would assert a reasonable against-violence. However, most of the Christian pacifists criticize the legalization of violence. The modern theory of Christian pacifism supported by John Howard Yoder has insisted on non-violence as an important strategy of resistant politics. But the non-violence has limitation to be the resistant strategy of structural violence in the postmodern era that the phenomena of violence become extremely developed. Based on the understanding of this situation, John Redekop, as one of the Mennonite pacifists, proposes a new concept of Christian politics in terms of biblical realism. He emphasizes the Christian civic ethics and active participation in social issues in order to eliminate the structural violence. In this the point, his theory of violence and resistance is related to the politics of civilite of Balibar. Here we understand the postmodern debate on Christian pacifism in the area of the theory of violence and resistance.