Використання наночастинок і нанотехнологій у картоплярстві

Abstract

Goal. To analyze the literature data and the results of their own research on the use of nanoparticles and nanotechnologies in potato growing, as well as the results of the combined use of nanoparticles and microbial preparations. Methods. Analysis of literature, virological, microbiological, instrumental, field experiment, biochemical, statistical, and economic analysis. Results. Nanoparticles with virulicidal, bactericidal and fungicidal activity, as well as those that stimulate the growth of bacteria, were determined in vitro. Thus, Ti nanoparticles, the composition of Se + I nanoparticles, and the drug «Avatar-2 Zahyst» obtained by the nanotechnological method had virulicidal activity against the phytopathogenic virus Potato virus Y in the conditions of vegetation experiments. Using the method of transmission electron microscopy, it was established that Ti nanoparticles can concentrate around Potato virus Y virions and adsorb on their surface, this can be a potential explanation for their virulicidal activity. Zn nanoparticles exhibit bactericidal activity against strains of beneficial soil bacteria Bacillus subtilis IMV B7023 and Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens ICM B306 (2687) and a strain of bacteria pathogenic for potatoes — Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus Ac1995, reducing their titer by 100%. The composition of Se + I nanoparticles to one degree or another increases the titer of all tested strains of beneficial soil and phytopathogenic bacteria, in particular the strain Bacillus subtilis IMV B7023, which is one of the bioagents of the microbial preparation «Azogran», by 8.46–20.36%. Also, the composition of Se + I nanoparticles showed the strongest antifungal activity, reducing the diameter of colonies of strains of phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium sp. 072 by 25.26–51.75%, Acremonium cucurbitacearum 502 — by 78.95–94.22, and Acremonium strictum 048 — by 52.67–75.00%, as well as the number of colonies of the strain Acremonium cucurbitacearum 502 — by 60,00-86.67%. These properties of nanoparticles, their compositions, and the drug «Avatar-2 Zahyst» were tested in the conditions of a field experiment, and the combined use of nanoparticles with the microbial drug «Azogran» was also investigated. The drug «Avatar-2 Zahyst» was effective against viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases. The combination of the drug «Azogran» with the composition of Se+I nanoparticles turned out to be the best, reducing the frequency of establishment of bacterial and fungal diseases and the degree of their damage, increasing the marketability of tubers, yield, and improving other indicators. In this option, the highest calculated profitability, the value of which was 111.7 and 75.8% in two areas, which is more than in the control by 57.7 and 41.5%, respectively. Among other options, it is worth highlighting the composition of Se + I nanoparticles and the drug «Azogran», however, their effects individually were smaller than in combination. Conclusions. The effectiveness of the composition of Se+I nanoparticles, «Avatar-2 Zahyst» and «Azogran» preparations for the control of potato infectious diseases and the prospects of their use in potato cultivation technology were proven. The positive effect of the composition of Se + I nanoparticles and the drug «Azogran» on the marketability of tubers and yield was shown. The synergy between the composition of Se + I nanoparticles and the drug «Azogran» was established. The most promising was the combined use of nanoparticles and microbial preparations in the technology of growing potatoes.