Особистість в умовах суспільної кризи

Abstract

This paper provides an over view of the problem of public crisis. Primary focus is on the fact that a defining characteristic of the world society is a high level of prevalence of different crisis phenomena in econ omic, social, cultural and political spheres which create a space of permanent crisis.The detailed psychological understanding of the nature of a crisis event as a phenomenon which has pathogenic effects on the human psyche is prese nted. It is stressed that crises are the natural condition in the processes of social development, but along with such inevitability of crisis phenomena, the society is n ever psychologically prepared for them. Social changes, public, economic, political, ecological crisis events are traumatically perceived by an individual, since they bring the destabiliz ation of the visions of reality, the loss of former pillars and behavioral guidelines, and the continuity of being hitherto undisputed is lost. Th e characteristic features of public crises are revealed: latency of the processes of or igin; suddenness and unpredictability; decline, destructing influence on the existing structure and transfer into another state; imbalance and aggravation of co ntradictions in the system, involved in crisis; danger and feeling of threat, s tate of uncertainty, which prevail in the society. Psychological effects of the public cr isis phenomena are considered. The analysis of the substantial and dynamic aspects of the mental states caused by crisis events is carried out in the paper. The theoretical a nd methodological bases of psychological counseling in the conditions of publi c crisis are presented. It is emphasized in the paper that with the focus on psychoanalytic v iews it is possible to expand the understanding of scientific issues related to th e emergence of negative psychical effects of public crises, as wel l as studying the prerequisites of their emergence. The elaborate study of long-term c linical experience of psychoanalysts and theoretical analysis of psychoan alytic papers testify that the subject’s traumatization is not predetermined by the principle of linear determinism (when the past affects the present), but on the con trary, the experience of the past can be updated as a traumatic one in the light of p resent events. In other words, the event of the past can get the traumatic significanc e through the sense of the event of the present.