Правила СОТ щодо сприяння торгівлі: базові елементи концепції

Abstract

The present article provides the review of the main elements of the concept of trade facilitation, implemented in the WTO Agreement on Trade Facilitation. The proper interpretation and understanding of principles and ideas, utilized in the process of drafting of this Agreement is very important for its effective implementation. That principles gain additional meaning for such countries as Ukraine, so far the trade facilitation comprises the integral part of general course of reforms to crate more friendly environment for doing business, that have been started in the recent years. The connections between the idea of trade facilitation and the concept of global governance and the main tendencies of establishing global standards of public administration are determined. The emerging of hybrid and private regulating bodies with respect to the trade facilitation standards are highlighted. A multilevel system for the implementation of this Agreement at the global, regional and bilateral levels is characterized. With this respect the Agreement on Trade Facilitation leaves a wide discretion for national governments to chose the particular ways and means to implement its provisions. The classification of border and customs procedures and formalities that are the objects of measures for trade facilitation is presented. That classification include such regulating spheres as: revenue, security, environment and health, customer protection, trade policy. Besides the specific field of trade facilitation is simplification of data submission and exchange between private entities and state authorities. The main indicators of the implementation of trade facilitation measures, in particular, direct and indirect trading transaction costs, are analyzed. The levels of such costs and possible benefits from the implementation of the WTO rules on trade facilitation are determined.