Аллюзия как элемент интертекстуальности в анимационных фильмах

Abstract

Different types of allusions are actively used in the contemporary animation. The research is devoted to the study of both forms and types of literary allusions used in animation, to identify the specifics of their use and the functions performed. Allusions to literary works used in animation can be implicit or explicit. They create an aspect of intertextuality that makes it possible to comprehend the plot both as a complex, multifaceted text and as an ironic, parodic game of the filmmakers with the audience. Literary allusions in the structure of an animated film not only form the subtext, but perform various functions, including plot-forming, evaluative and characterizing, comic. A screen work with literary allusions, representing a multidimensional structure, cannot belong exclusively to an elite or mass type of art. Against the background of the growing role of allusive techniques usage in modern animation, the use of literary allusions is not so common compared to other types of allusions. This is due to the fact that deciphering a literary allusion requires the viewer to have a certain cultural background, in other words, erudition. Since the reading level of the modern viewer is falling, the complexity of literary allusions used in films is also simplified. Structure-forming literary allusions are not oftenly used in animation, while allusions of a fragmentary and deconstructed type, reduced to a recognizable or replicated literary phrase, become the most commonly used stylistic device. The artistic practice of animation shows that using literary allusion and the techniques of postmodernist poetics help to create different types of films. Ones that will be easily perceived not only by a person who is well acquainted with literature and art, but also by a simple, inexperienced viewer. And another type a work of mass culture, which includes mainstream animation, interesting for a literate viewer, who is able to catch the hidden meanings and intertextual dialogue with the texts of art and culture. The including of literary allusions to the structure of the artistic image of the film contributes to the creation of a parody-game effect and opens up the possibility for numerous interpretations.