牧区聚落时空特征及驱动力分析—以正蓝旗为例

Abstract

基于GIS的空间分析方法，采用2000、2017年遥感影像和DEM为数据源，运用景观格局指数、核密度估计、统计分析方法，探讨典型草原牧区正蓝旗在2000~2017年聚落的时空分布特征，进一步分析聚落形成与发展的主要影响因素。结果表明：① 2000~2017年的17年间，正蓝旗聚落分布及规模的时空特征呈现急速增长的态势，聚落分布整体较为聚集，呈“南密北疏”的空间差异，整体分布格局与该研究区的地形地貌类型密切相关。② 区域上，聚落分布格局呈现出明显的区域差异性。随着海拔和河流的变化，聚落斑块数和规模趋于正态分布态势，随着道路和坡度的变化，聚落斑块数和规模布局均逐级递减。③ 水文、交通及地形地貌等地理要素对正蓝旗聚落区位的选择起到很大的限制作用，这三个因素也是决定聚落空间分布的主导因素。总体上，分析本牧区聚落的发展变化及驱动力，可对整个牧区聚落空间布局调整、优化提供重要的借鉴价值。 Based on GIS spatial analysis method, the settlements distribution and evolution characteristics of Zhenglan Banner, a typical prairie area is discussed in this paper by using remote sensing images and DEM data sources from 2000 to 2017, landscape pattern index, kernel density, and statistical analysis. Meanwhile, the main driving factors are analyzed. The results show that: ① From 2000 to 2017, the evolution and settlement distribution scale of Zhenglan Banner has been growing rapidly, and the settlement distribution is relatively gathered, and shows a space difference, that is, “dense in the south and hydrophobic in the north”. The overall distribution pattern is closely related to the land types in the study area. ② The settlement distribution in the area shows obvious regional difference. With the change of elevation and river, the number and scale of settlements tended to be normal distribution. With the change of road and slope, the number of patches and scale of settlements decreased gradually. ③ The hydrology, traffic and topography, even as leading factors and other geographical factors, dominantly restricted the settlement location of Zhenglan banner. On the whole, the study of the development, change and formation mechanism of Zhenglan banner can be of great value to the adjustment and optimization of the spatial layout of the whole pastoral area.